Продуктивность короткоротационного севооборота в зависимости от способов обработки почвы
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2025i8pp159-165Ключевые слова:
агрофизические показатели почвы, запасы продуктивной влаги, сорняки, урожай, стратификатор, органическое земледелиеАннотация
Целью исследования было определить влияние способов обработки почвы на ее агрофизические показатели и продуктивность севооборота при выращивании полевых культур. Схема опыта включала пятипольный зернопаропропашной севооборот: черный пар – пшеница озимая – подсолнечник – ячмень яровой – кукуруза на зерно. В севообороте использовали три способа обработки почвы: вспашка с оборотом пласта на глубину 20–27 см; чизельная безотвальная обработка глубиной 40–45 см и стратификация глубиной рыхления 10–15 см. Опыт предусматривал три фона удобрения: пожнивные остатки без внесения минеральных удобрений; пожнивные остатки и минеральные удобрения N25P25K25; пожнивные остатки и минеральные удобрения с повышенным содержанием азота N50P25K25. Сравнение разных способов обработки почвы по показателям производительности показало преимущество вспашки и чизелевания при отсутствии минеральных удобрений. Внесение минеральных удобрений повышает производительность севооборота. Наибольший эффект (увеличение на 14 %) наблюдается при стратификации за счет худших исходных условий минерального питания.
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