THE REMOVAL OF NUTRIENTS BY TOMATOES UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION ON THE CIS-VOLGA DISTRICTS OF SARATOV REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.v0i4.72Keywords:
tomato, drip irrigation, doses of fertilizers, irrigation regimes, nutrient consumption, nutrient removal, yield, profitability of fertilizersAbstract
The following thesis presents the results of the field studies that were carried out in 2013-2015 by the method of split plots with triple replication at the area of 30 m^2. The results of the effect of drip irrigation and estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of different breeds of the tomatoes when grown in the Chernozem steppes of the Cis-Volga districts of Saratov Region. It is proved that the improvement of the water regime increases the yield of tomato breed “Dar Zavolzhye” by 7.56–55.02 %, nutritional – 14.69–78.36 %, breed “Novichok” respectively by 9.78– 46.45 and 21.37–79.24 % comparatively to the control. For the first time in the Cis-Volga districts of Saratov Region it was determined the consumption of major nutrients by tomato: nitrogen – up to 194.59 kg/ha, phosphorus – 79.48 kg/ha and potassium – 373.26 kg/ha. It was proved that the application of fertilizers contributed to the increase in the share of fruits in total biomass of tomatoes 10.3 to 11.8 per cent. The thesis presents the regularities of nutrient removal due to changes of water and nutrient regimes on the ordinary chernozem of the Cis-Volga districts of Saratov Region: Bn = 0.0012Dn^2 + 0.1666Dn + 67.267 for nitrogen, Bp = 0.0049Dp^2 + 0.0348Dp + 30.98 for phosphorus and Вk = 0.0199Dk^2 + 0.9295Dk + 149.44 for potassium with determination coefficients 0.6; 0.79 и 0.79 respectively. The best combination of factors influencing the harvest contributing to the most efficient consumption of nutrients (the carryover of: 0.78 kg nitrogen, 0.40 kg phosphorus, 1.84 kg potassium per 1 t of commercial products) is introducing N100P50K40 and maintenance of drip irrigation regime that provide 80% of the least moisture capacity. The highest yield of fruits 162.53 t/ha and increase in yield due to fertilizer of 185 kg/kg, obtained by cultivation of “Dar Zavolhye” cultivar, the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N190P80K70 and maintenance of drip irrigation regime that provide 80% of the least moisture capacity in the 0.3 m layer before budding and 0.5 m after that. The control variant yield without fertilizer make up 74.68 t/ha.
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