Cereals-goat's rue agrocenoses in the conditions of the Upper Volga region

Abstract

During 2015–2021 at the Gubino agro-polygon VNIIMZ, studies were carried out on hay-grass-goat-rue grass stands depending on the composition of the grass mixture and soil difference in the conditions of the Upper Volga region. Varieties of oriental goat's rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) - Gale, Yubilyar, Krivich and seeded cereal grasses - meadow timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) Vic 9, awnless rump (Bromus inermis L.) Vegur, reed dwarf grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Ural. Sowing methods of grass stands are single-species and mixed - legumes, legumes-cereals and cereals. The research methodology included phenological observations, determining the density and height of herbage, studying the structure of the crop, the dynamics of the accumulation of dry and green mass, and processing statistical data. It has been established that, on average, over a seven-year observation period, the yield of legume-grass grass stands varied within 5.1-7.9 t/ha of dry weight. The maximum productivity was noted in 2017 - up to 11.7 t/ha of dried mass. The stem density of the sown legume component - oriental goat's rue, depending on the grass mixture and the year of the study, varied from 17 to 149 pcs/m². The height of goat's rue plants on average for long-term observations with two-cutting use was 63-93 cm, for grass seeded grasses - 78-108 cm. Goat's rue had good foliage, the average share of leaves in the structure of the Eastern goat's rue crop for all years of research varied from 50.6 to 58.2%. The stem content was 41.4-48.9%. In single-species crops, the leaf content of eastern goat's rue reached 43.6-66.8% on average for 2 cuttings, and in a mixture with cereal grasses - 42.6-69.0%. The most productive were legume-cereal agrocenoses on gleyic soil.