Productive longevity of cows as a factor in increasing the profitability of agricultural enterprises

Abstract

Dairy and breeding animal husbandry has been developing mainly due to the intensification of production processes in the conditions of industrial technology in recent years. This process is accompanied by an increase in the productivity of cows with a reduction in the number of livestock. At the same time, an increase in gross milk production can only be achieved by increasing productivity and extending the terms of economic use of cows. The intensification of dairy cattle breeding and the crossing of domestic breeds of cattle with Holstein cattle led to the premature withdrawal of cows from the herd. In Russia, the longevity of dairy cows does not exceed 2.6–3.6 calving at present. That is, the animals do not live up to the period of maximum milk production and payback on the cost of raising heifers. The article presents an assessment of the economic state of dairy farming in the Arkhangelsk region. The positive dynamics of the growth of milk productivity of cows in agricultural enterprises of all forms of ownership was revealed. One of the possible options for increasing the profitability of dairy products is shown. Subject to genotyping and identification of desirable genotypes responsible for the productive longevity of cattle, it is possible to achieve an increase in the production use of cows. Genetic assessment will determine the breeding value of animals and create a cost-effective herd. Further comprehensive study of the factors affecting productive longevity will increase the lifelong milk productivity of cows and the profitability of milk production in the conditions of the European North.