Microbiome of the rumen of young cattle receiving dietary supplements with copper and wormwood grass: composition and functional profile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2024i1pp96-105Keywords:
microbiome, bacteria, scar, biodiversity, ruminants, copper, wormwood grassAbstract
The study is aimed at studying the taxonomic composition of the rumen microbiota in vivo with the additional inclusion of wormwood grass and the trace element copper in the diet of cattle. In this study, wormwood grass, a natural source of phytobiotic substances that improve digestion, and copper bioplex were provided as a feed additive. The control group received the main ration (OR), I experimental group – OR + wormwood (2.0 g / kg SV); II experimental group – OR + Cu (5.0 mg / kg SV); III experimental group – OR + wormwood (at a dose of 2.0 g/ kg SV) + Cu (5.0 mg/kg SV). In the studies, bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed were used, aged 14 months, with a live weight of 360-380 kg, in the amount of 4 heads. The studies were carried out using the 4?4 Latin square method. After 60 days of supplementation, genomic DNA was extracted from the scar fluid and prepared for sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the composition of the rumen microbiota. The results showed that feed additives really changed the microbiome of the calves' rumen. The Shannon diversity Index (p?0.05) showed a significant difference between the groups. The microbiota of the rumen of calves, in whose diet wormwood grass and the composition of wormwood grass and copper substances were introduced, differed in higher diversity compared to calves fed with copper (intermediate alpha diversity) and the control group. Differentially distributed taxa were identified: Bacteroidales, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Firmicutes (p?0.05). Additional inclusion of copper showed that of the twelve genera characterized by differential abundance, the number of uncultivated Firmicutes bacteria (p?0.05) was the most differentiated in the rumen compared to the control. The inclusion of wormwood and copper herb compositions showed a difference in the number of uncultivated Bacteroidales bacteria in the direction of an increase of 12.7% (p?0.05) compared with the control. Also in this group, an increase in the abundance of representatives of the Candidatus Saccharibacteria family was noted. Changes in the taxonomic composition of the rumen microbiome against the background of the combined use of herbal preparations and mineral substances are described for the first time.
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