Comparative evaluation of potato varieties and hybrids in soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg region

Abstract

When creating highly productive adaptive potato varieties for an area with sharply continental agro-climatic conditions, it is necessary to select the starting material with high ecological plasticity and stability in a certain area of cultivation. The article presents an assessment of the initial potato material in the soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg region, which has a high yield. The purpose of the work is to study the adaptability indicators of the potato source material in the conditions of the Orenburg region. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021. The total area of the plot is 140 m² (40 ? 2.8 m), the repetition is 3-fold, the options were placed randomly. 15 samples were examined, including 13 breeding potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum L.). The standard varieties were Nevskii (medium-early) and Spiridon (medium-ripe). As a result of a 3-year study, it was revealed that extensive genotypes with low ecological plasticity (b_i = 0.43-0.94) were identified among potato samples: varieties Nevskii, Spiridon and hybrids 12.1-7, M 14.16.25, M 14.12.18, 13.26.30, 13.32.1, 14.07.08, 10.67, 14.17.48. The greatest reaction to the growing conditions had  the breeding hybrid 10.76.1 (b_i = 1.49), which has an average yield stability (Si² = 15.4). Thus, in the arid conditions of the Orenburg region, three intensive-type breeding hybrids (14.07.61, 13.02.9 and 14.13), with high adaptive properties - increased ecological plasticity (bi respectively, 1.07; 1.10 and 1.13) and high stability (Si² = 2.8; 5.6; 6.9, respectively), were identified according to a comprehensive assessment for breeding.