Adaptability of winter soft wheat varieties in the Volga region

Abstract

The results of research on ordinary chernozem in the grain-steam crop rotation to identify new promising, stable varieties for modern technologies of winter wheat cultivation, taking into account changes in arid agro-climatic conditions of the Volga region, are presented. Under contrasting weather conditions for 2019-2021, when testing 29 varieties of soft wheat, it was revealed that grain yield ranged from 2.24-3.27 t/ha (2019) up to 5.31-6.95 t/ha (2020). The maximum average grain yield for three years was formed by the varieties Marathon, Basis, Blizzard and Kalach 60 – 4,47-4,60 t/ha. The varieties of the semi-intensive type Alternative, Volga Niva, Volga Nov from -2.61 to -2.79 differed the greatest stress resistance in years with contrasting weather conditions. By genetic flexibility (Y_min+Y_max/2) the varieties Marathon and Lilith varieties Kalach 60, Lydia, Alternative, Pearl of the Volga region, Blizzard, Scepter, Novoershovskaya, Basis – 4.57-4.88 t/ha stood out. The practically functional relationship (r=0.93+0.03) of the average yield over the years of research with the average in the years of contrasting moisture availability contributed to the selection of such most adapted varieties as Marathon, Lilit, Kalach 60, Lydia, Alternative, Pearl of the Volga region, Blizzard, Novoershovskaya, Scepter, Basis, which are recommended for cultivation of winter wheat in arid conditions Volga region.